2,514 research outputs found
Beam Loss in Linacs
Beam loss is a critical issue in high-intensity accelerators, and much effort
is expended during both the design and operation phases to minimize the loss
and to keep it to manageable levels. As new accelerators become ever more
powerful, beam loss becomes even more critical. Linacs for H- ion beams, such
as the one at the Oak Ridge Spallation Neutron Source, have many more loss
mechanisms compared to H+ (proton) linacs, such as the one being designed for
the European Spallation Neutron Source. Interesting H- beam loss mechanisms
include residual gas stripping, H+ capture and acceleration, field stripping,
black-body radiation and the recently discovered intra-beam stripping
mechanism. Beam halo formation, and ion source or RF turn on/off transients,
are examples of beam loss mechanisms that are common for both H+ and H-
accelerators. Machine protection systems play an important role in limiting the
beam loss.Comment: 24 pages, contribution to the 2014 Joint International Accelerator
School: Beam Loss and Accelerator Protection, Newport Beach, CA, USA , 5-14
Nov 201
Elliptical dichroism: operating principle of planar chiral metamaterials
We employ a homogenization technique based on the Lorentz electronic theory
to show that planar chiral structures (PCSs) can be described by an effective
dielectric tensor similar to that of biaxial elliptically dichroic crystals.
Such a crystal is shown to behave like a PCS insofar as it exhibits its
characteristic optical properties, namely, co-rotating elliptical polarization
eigenstates and asymmetric, direction-dependent transmission for
left/right-handed incident wave polarization.Comment: 3 pages, version as accepted in Optics Letters but before final
shortening
Spectral Pollution
We discuss the problems arising when computing eigenvalues of self-adjoint
operators which lie in a gap between two parts of the essential spectrum.
Spectral pollution, i.e. the apparent existence of eigenvalues in numerical
computations, when no such eigenvalues actually exist, is commonplace in
problems arising in applied mathematics. We describe a geometrically inspired
method which avoids this difficulty, and show that it yields the same results
as an algorithm of Zimmermann and Mertins.Comment: 23 page
Chiral metamaterials: retrieval of the effective parameters with and without substrate
After the prediction that strong enough optical activity may result in
negative refraction and negative reflection, more and more artificial chiral
metamaterials were designed and fabricated at difference frequency ranges from
microwaves to optical waves. Therefore, a simple and robust method to retrieve
the effective constitutive parameters for chiral metamaterials is urgently
needed. Here, we analyze the wave propagation in chiral metamaterials and
follow the regular retrieval procedure for ordinary metamaterials and apply it
in chiral metamaterial slabs. Then based on the transfer matrix technique, the
parameter retrieval is extended to treat samples with not only the substrate
but also the top layers. After the parameter retrieval procedure, we take two
examples to check our method and study how the substrate influences on the thin
chiral metamaterials slabs. We find that the substrate may cause the
homogeneous slab to be inhomogeneous, i.e. the reflections in forward and
backward directions are different. However, the chiral metamaterial where the
resonance element is embedded far away from the substrate is insensitive to the
substrate.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure
A Computer-Assisted Uniqueness Proof for a Semilinear Elliptic Boundary Value Problem
A wide variety of articles, starting with the famous paper (Gidas, Ni and
Nirenberg in Commun. Math. Phys. 68, 209-243 (1979)) is devoted to the
uniqueness question for the semilinear elliptic boundary value problem
-{\Delta}u={\lambda}u+u^p in {\Omega}, u>0 in {\Omega}, u=0 on the boundary of
{\Omega}, where {\lambda} ranges between 0 and the first Dirichlet Laplacian
eigenvalue. So far, this question was settled in the case of {\Omega} being a
ball and, for more general domains, in the case {\lambda}=0. In (McKenna et al.
in J. Differ. Equ. 247, 2140-2162 (2009)), we proposed a computer-assisted
approach to this uniqueness question, which indeed provided a proof in the case
{\Omega}=(0,1)x(0,1), and p=2. Due to the high numerical complexity, we were
not able in (McKenna et al. in J. Differ. Equ. 247, 2140-2162 (2009)) to treat
higher values of p. Here, by a significant reduction of the complexity, we will
prove uniqueness for the case p=3
Metamaterials proposed as perfect magnetoelectrics
Magnetoelectric susceptibility of a metamaterial built from split ring
resonators have been investigated both experimentally and within an equivalent
circuit model. The absolute values have been shown to exceed by two orders of
magnitude that of classical magnetoelectric materials. The metamaterial
investigated reaches the theoretically predicted value of the magnetoelectric
susceptibility which is equal to the geometric average of the electric and
magnetic susceptibilities.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
- …